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Alan Turning      Alan Turning is known to be a pioneer of numerous aspects of the PC age. The computerized PC, man-made reasoning, memory subroutines, the Turning Machine, the Turing Test, and the use of calculations to PCs are for the most part thoughts by one way or another identified with this man. Alan Mathison Turing was conceived in Paddington, London, on June 23, 1912. He was an intelligent kid and started his inclinations in science and arithmetic at a youthful age, yet was never worried about other right-cerebrum classes, for example, English. This proceeded until a significant companion of his died and put Turing on a way to accomplish what his companion could not achieve anymore. At the point when his companion Christopher Morcom kicked the bucket, Turing was propelled into contemplations in material science about the physical psyche being typified in issue and whether quantum-mechanical hypothesis influences the customary issue of brain and matter. Many state today this was the beginnings of Turing’s Turning Machine and the test despite everything utilized today for man-made brainpower, the Turing Test. Not long after his open tutoring Turing started taking a shot at his undergrad at King’s College. Here he got intrigued by the readings of Von Neumann’s journeys into the intelligent establishments of quantum mechanics. Through these readings Turing was accepted to structure his intuition from the passionate states that he had been experiencing to an increasingly legitimate type of thought. Turing earned a partnership at King’s school and the next year the Smith’s Prize for his work in likelihood hypothesis. A short time later, he picked a way away from unadulterated math into scientific rationale and started to take a shot at unraveling the Entscheidungsproblem, an issue in decidability. This was an endeavor to demonstrate that there was a technique by which any given numerical attestation was provable. As he dove in to this he chipped away from the outset characterizing what a strategy was. In doing so he started what today is known as the Turing Machine. The Turing Machine is a three-crease motivation made out of intelligent directions, the activity of the brain, and a machine which can on a fundamental level be exemplified in a handy physical structure. It is the utilization of a calculation epitomized in a limited state machine. The Turing Machine is a basic sort of PC. It is constrained to perusing and composing images on a tape and moving the tape along to one side or right. The tape is marke... ...at today is known as the Turing Test. This was where an individual would pose inquiries from both a human and a machine without realizing which was which. In the event that after a sensible measure of time the distinction between the two was not self-evident, at that point the machine was believed to be to some degree keen. An adaptation of this test is as yet utilized today by the Boston Museum of Computers to have a challenge of the best fake machines for the Loebner Prize. Turing kept dealing with the computerized PC and thoughts in man-made reasoning until he kicked the bucket on June 7, 1954. He was found with a half-eaten apple stacked with cyanide, the half-eaten apple a natural image of honesty. Some state he had ended it all over a humiliating episode with a 19-year old understudy , while his mom says he was simply playing out another examination with family unit synthetic concoctions and got thoughtless. Whichever it might be, Alan Turing died and left the world with numerous crude plans to work out. As I would see it, the greatest commitment that he left with us was his concept of a solitary machine running off a limited number of calculations to play out numerous errands. This being the vision of the PCs we as a whole use today.

The Smallest Difference free essay sample

Throughout the mid year of 2010, I invested a great deal of my energy working at baseball camps for America’s Game Baseball Facility. I was a staff part there, and I found the opportunity to show the sport of baseball to small kids. There were two gatherings of children that I worked with, the principal bunch was ages 6-9, and the subsequent gathering was ages 9-11. The camps were each seven days long, and there were five distinct meetings, so I had the chance to work with various children. In any case, there was one adolescent that stood apart to me. He was a multi year old kid by the name of Kevin, and he was somewhat unique in relation to a large portion of different children at the camp. Kevin was little for his age, he was not the most gifted player, and he was to some degree an untouchable of the gathering. We will compose a custom paper test on The Smallest Difference or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Kevin didn't appear to have a lot of trust in himself when he showed up at the camp, which I accept made him keep down and not play as well as could be expected. For a long time, I worked with the children, giving uncommon consideration to Kevin; not really concentrating on improving his swing or amending his tossing movement, yet more so on just talking and becoming more acquainted with him somewhat progressively consistently. Gradually, yet unquestionably, I saw him beginning to pick up trust in himself while he was among his companions, and after the primary couple days Kevin began feeling progressively good around me too. He would come sit close to me on our mid-day break and take part in discussion as though we had known each other for a considerable length of time. Regularly we would not examine baseball; we would discuss whatever Kevin could think about; his kin for instance, or what TV programs he delighted in viewing. Similarly as I had suspected, the more Kevin talked and p icked up certainty, the better he would do in the physical part of the game. Before the week's over, Kevin was not, at this point the timid, hesitant child that I had seen on the principal day. He had come so far in each sense; he had made new companions and improved his baseball abilities hugely. On the most recent day of camp when guardians were coming to get their kids, Kevin approached me and gave me an embrace. With a major grin all over, he said â€Å"Thank you, Coach Adam†. This is one second that I will always remember for whatever length of time that I am a mentor. It is an extraordinary inclination to realize that you actually had even the littlest effect in a youthful kid’s life, regardless of whether it is something as irrelevant as showing the sport of baseball. It didn't appear on any score card or detail sheet, however helping Kevin was an individual grand slam for me; one that I would not exchange for anything.

My Awakening free essay sample

Edna Pontellier, the free-lively, yet hindered principle character of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, resembles me in numerous regards. Her marriage, an endlessly authoritative understanding, is a lot of like my relationship with my dad, who gave me life and affectionately raised me close by my mom. Mrs. Pontellier and I both feel confined, similar to our autonomy and our interests have been weakened and about taken from us, and in light of our separate â€Å"awakenings† we turned out to be almost unfavorably free. Her story helped me notice at the perfect time the outcomes of my independence, and I pulled back so as to rescue my relationship with my dad. At a youthful age, my father talked with me about current issues, legislative issues, and religion, mostly in light of the fact that he had scarcely any individuals with whom to have these adult discussions. I was generally inspired by religion. It started my creative mind, and I would invest energy perusing and philosophizing even separated from my dad. We will compose a custom exposition test on My Awakening or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At a certain point, I unhesitatingly portrayed myself as he depicted himself: a traditionalist Christian. In any case, when I went to secondary school, I was presented to a large number of various convictions by means of science classes, writing, and cohorts, and that supreme security began to shake. I was swimming in an ocean of opportunity and decent variety, and it was such a delightful thing! This ocean allured me, as the strict ocean did to Edna in The Awakening. She was presented to new darlings; I was presented to better approaches for speculation, from Buddhism to Mormonism. I kept myself open to everything. This time, nonetheless, my dad kept on informing me concerning how underhanded any individual who wasn’t a â€Å"true Christian† was, so I couldn’t force myself to let him know of my otherworldly excursion. In any case, I became disappointed, straightforwardly calling him close-disapproved and disdainful. He seemed to get discouraged and desolate. His words struck me where it counts in my still shaky soul: â€Å"When did I lose you? Where did my little girl go?† This was the time I started perusing The Awakening. Edna’s story caused me to understand my once solid bond with my father was wheezing for air in my lovely, immense ocean of opportunity, much the same as she did. In any case, what was I expected to do? I couldn’t totally relinquish my otherworldliness. I was at that point conscious in this wonderful world; would i say i should close my eyes? As per Kate Chopin, independence and cold isolation go connected at the hip, and I have seen this as mostly evident. Be that as it may, one thing I have found on my free otherworldly excursion is, incidentally, the significance of familial love. I don’t need to live in a debased, forlorn home; I don’t need to suffocate in the ocean of singular vacancy Edna was murdered in; I need to give and get love in any and each structure. I have settled, consequently, on tuning in to my father’s blusters, giving him the most elevated regard and love, with the expectation that I can patch our flimsy relationship. That way, I can reap the advantages of independence also, alone, yet not forlorn. Mrs. Pontellier’s arousing and resulting passing by suffocating showed me a significant exercise about the outcomes of distinction and assumed a significant job in my own â€Å"awakening†. It helped me find that affection directs singular otherworldliness, particularly when autonomy coercively drives one into depression. All things considered, maybe dissimilar to Chopin may have expected, I am ready to proceed with my development as an individual free of my dad.

Most Noticeable How to Make College Papers Stand out

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Impact Of Information Technology On Banks In Bahrain - Free Essay Example

Information technology and permeated almost every aspect of business operations and communications technologies. So it is a one of the most exciting research has been focusing on the wide interest in all parts of the world through the decades, but little was devoted to study the impact of information technology to banks in Bahrain. This study examines the impact of information technology on organizational performance in the banking sector during the period from 2005 to 2009. The dependent variable used is return on equity ( ROE) while the independent variables are Hard ware, Soft Ware, System Development Operations, I .T Maintenance, I.T Training , I .T Insurance , I.T Communication, I .T Implementation, I .T Consultancy , I .T Sites and Business Continuity Planning (BCP). Preliminary data collected through in-depth interviews, official documents and surveys of the field through the top 8 banks in Bahrain, this data has been tested by applying different statistical methods and finance. The research results led to the conclusion that information technology has a positive impact on organizational performance in the banking sector. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION As an emerged business trend, the use of information technology (I.T) in the economic organizations are immense and measureless. Systems of organization and functions are now considered effortless and unproblematic because of I.T. information technology passes to be the most important one for each financial institution and the banks, particularly, they are one of the greater investors in I. T, Ahli united bank one of these banks that costs them around $ 13 millions. It is an enormous cost of this technology for local and international market. The existing studies generally have concluded two positive effects concerning the relationship between IT and the financial performance of banks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“First, it can reduce operational costs of banks (the cost advantage). For example, the Internet helps banks to conduct standardized, low value transactions (e.g. send the bill payments, balance inquiries, account transfers) through the online channel, while focusing its resources on specialized, high value added transactions (eg small business loans, personal trust services, investment banking) through branches. Second, can facilitate transactions between customers within the same network(the network effect). As an example, let us consider the case of automated teller machines (ATMs) by banks. If ATMs are geographically dispersed areas available largely over, the advantage of using an atmosphere will increase as customers can access their accounts from any geographic location they want. This would imply that the value of the ATM network increases with number of locations available in the atmosphere, and the value of the network of the a bank to a customer is determined in part by the final size of the network effect banks network is important in the adoption of the atmosphere. IT has drawn the attention of many researchers, commissioned to study the impact of IT in the functioning of the bank and that is a goal of many organizations. Some researchers have found positive relationships between IT investment and organizational performance and some of it found it negative. Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹ قؠ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ © للكلÙ†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª    Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ Ø ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¶ Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢?Ø µÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ Problem Statement IT investments and its impact on the banking industry is a very important point for both banking managers and IT managers to be able to deal with and justify wither increased spending for investment in IT will lead to increase performance of Bank or not. That will put increasing pressure on managers to asses its business value. In this study we will examine the key components of IT investments (Hard ware, Soft Ware, System Development Operations, I .T Maintenance, I.T Training , I .T Insurance , I.T Communication, I .T Implementation, I .T Consultancy , I .T Sites and Business Continuity Planning (BCP) to see if spending in different IT areas as an impacts on bank performances. Significance and Importance The importance of this project lies in its ability to shed a light on the Impact of Information Technology on The Financial Performance of Bank sector in kingdom of Bahrain. Furthermore, this study would encourage other Banks in the area to benefit from Bahraini Banks experience and therefore follow their lead. Purposes The goal of this study is to: To determine which type of information system leads to high financial performance of the banks. Evaluate in what specific ways and to what extent do information systems could eventually lead to high financial performance. To find out what issues emerges when implementing IT at the bank. Research Hypothesis The main Hypotheses There is no significant relationship between investing in I.T and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H01: There is no significant relationship between investing in HW and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H02: There is no significant relationship between investing in SW and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H03: There is no significant relationship between investing in SDO and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H04: There is no significant relationship between investing in Main and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H05: There is no significant relationship between investing in Trn and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H06: There is no significant relationship between investing in Insu and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H07: There is no significant relationship between investing in Comm and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H08: There is no significant relationship between investing in Imp and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H09: There is no significant relationship between investing in Con and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H010: There is no significant relationship between investing in Sit and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H011: There is no significant relationship between investing in BCP and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Key Words Information technology (I.T): any technology that helps to produce, manipulate process, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information. Information system (IS): is any combination of information technology and peoples activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. I.T Investment : Banks of Bahrain: Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a financial institution located in Bahrain that deals in money and its substitutes and provides other financial services. ATM: automated teller machine, which allows customers to complete basic transactions without the aid of a branch representative or teller. Financial Performance: is the overall profitability of the insurance firm. Study Outline The paper proceeds as follows: Chapter 2 focuses on the literature review where the work of other researchers and some previous theoretical and empirical studies are mentioned. Chapter 3 is about the methodology used in this study. Chapter 4 discusses the empirical results and findings of the research. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are made in chapter 5. CHAPTER TWO BACKGROUND CHAPTER TWO BACKGROUND Introduction This chapter will specify some aspects of Bahrainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economy and what attracts foreign and local investors to invest their capital in this country; along with some important features and statistical data regarding the banking industry, we will try to know why It is necessary for the management of the organizations to measure and to evaluate the organization performance. Finally, the literature review will discuss a number of some previous studies related to this topic. An Overview of Bahrains Economy The economy of Bahrain is mainly defined by oil production and refining and production, ship repair, iron pelletization, fertilizers, offshore banking, insurance. The country is trying hard to privatize its economy so that it can reduce the dependence on oil production and that prompted the government to develop other industries as well. For example, in 1970, the government established Aluminum Bahrain (ALBA), an aluminum smelting industry which still remains an important industry. In a further effort at diversification, the government has also promoted tourism. The government controls the oil and gas, most heavy industry, and the bulk transport and communications, but has made efforts to privatize the economy, bank transfer, light manufacturing, and trade in private hands. Listen Read phonetically    Dictionary View detailed dictionary Translate any website El Confidencial-Spain Tom.com-China News.de-Germany Nord-Cinema-France Zamalek Fans-Arabic Gotujmy.pl-Polish Vogue-France Arte Toreo-Spain LExpress-France Onet.pl-Polish PÃÆ' ºblico.es-Spain Zeit Online-Germany Bahrains economy is strong and always improving their sectors to look for a bright future. It was called the fastest growing financial center in the Arab world by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia in January 2006 by the City of London global financial centers index in 2008. In 2004 it signed a free trade an agreement with United States will reduce the trading Which Barriers between the two countries. Bahrain Was the first Arabian Gulf state to sign such a trading mutual agreement with the United States. https://www.mapsofworld.com/country-profile/bahrain1.html https://www.cia.gov Banking Sector in Bahrain Bahrain is the home of more than 400 the authorized financial institutions, what represents a rich mix of international, regional and local names. They cover all the range of financial products, with private concentrations in sure, wholesale banking and funds / asset management. The financial sector is now the major sector of the economy represents more than the 27% of the GDP. The financial sector is also the major employer in Bahrain for more than the 80% of the labor. The sector is regulated and supervised by the Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) (www.cbb.gov.bh), which since 2002 has functioned as a regulator of the entire financial system. Bahrainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s banking system consists of both conventional and Islamic banks and is the main component of the financial system, which represent over 85% of total financial assets. The conventional segment includes 19 retail banks, 69 wholesale banks, 2 specialized banks and 36 representative offices of foreign banks. The Islamic segment, offering a series of Sharia Conformity of their products and services include 6 retail and 18 wholesale banks, and the numbers are increasing steadily. Listen Read phonetically    Dictionary View detailed dictionary Translate over 50 languages Hjelp! à £?†¢Ãƒ £Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‹â€ Ãƒ £?† Ãƒ £? ªÃƒ £Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ° dĆºti escargots à  Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å"à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¹ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ °! à Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ?ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± Je parle un petit peu franÃÆ' §ais.  ¿CÃÆ' ³mo estÃÆ' ¡s? à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ?ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ Ã…’à Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ sÆ ° tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ­ Wie gehts? mijn vriend à £?Ã…  Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬â€Ãƒ £? §Ãƒ £?â„ ¢Ãƒ £?†¹? La voiture VÃÆ' ¦r sÃÆ' ¥ snill à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥?à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ° à ªÃ‚ µÃ‚ ­Ãƒ ¬Ã‹â€ Ã‹Å" hoje estÃÆ' ¡ ensolarado Je ne sais pas ! à  Ã‚ ¸?à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹?à  Ã‚ ¸Ã… ¸ Ãâ€" ©Ãƒâ€"Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€"— Ø £ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ كؠ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã…“ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ®Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã…“à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥?à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ®Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¨ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¡. nazdar! Wie heiÃÆ'Ã… ¸en Sie? Ich bin vierzig Jahre alt Comment allez-vous ? rouge Buongiorno Principessa! Langweilig à Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜?Ñ‚Ã Ã‚ ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ µ Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­Ãƒâ„¢?Ø §ÃƒËœÃ‚ © Wie spÃÆ' ¤t ist es? Es ist sehr interessant! miracoloso Wie bitte? haydi gidelim Pardon à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ µÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ µÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ±Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢ The banking sector has played a central role in the development of Bahrain as major financial center in the region. As in December 2006, banking sector assets amounted to over U.S. $ 180 billion, more than twelve times annual gross domestic product. Listen Read phonetically    Dictionary View detailed dictionary Translate over 50 languages Hjelp! à £?†¢Ãƒ £Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‹â€ Ãƒ £?† Ãƒ £? ªÃƒ £Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬ ° dĆºti escargots à  Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å"à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¹ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ °! à Ã¢â€š ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ?ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± Je parle un petit peu franÃÆ' §ais.  ¿CÃÆ' ³mo estÃÆ' ¡s? à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ?ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ Ã…’à Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ sÆ ° tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ­ Wie gehts? mijn vriend à £?Ã…  Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã†â€™Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬â€Ãƒ £? §Ãƒ £?â„ ¢Ãƒ £?†¹? La voiture VÃÆ' ¦r sÃÆ' ¥ snill à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥?à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ° à ªÃ‚ µÃ‚ ­Ãƒ ¬Ã‹â€ Ã‹Å" hoje estÃÆ' ¡ ensolarado Je ne sais pas ! à  Ã‚ ¸?à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹?à  Ã‚ ¸Ã… ¸ Ãâ€" ©Ãƒâ€"Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€"— Ø £ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ كؠ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ © Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã…“ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ®Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã…“à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥?à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ®Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¨ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã¢â‚¬Å¡. nazdar! Wie heiÃÆ'Ã… ¸en Sie? Ich bin vierzig Jahre alt Comment allez-vous ? rouge Buongiorno Principessa! Langweilig à Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜?Ñ‚Ã Ã‚ ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ µ Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­Ãƒâ„¢?Ø §ÃƒËœÃ‚ © Wie spÃÆ' ¤t ist es? Es ist sehr interessant! miracoloso Wie bitte? haydi gidelim Pardon à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ µÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ µÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ±Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢ The recent increase in the sector has been supported willingly fortune of the industry of the petroleum and the corresponding increases of liquidity. The banks are playing thus a central role in surplus to reinvest the petroleum incomes as well as complying the opportunities of financing in other segments of the economy. https://www.bahrain1.com/banking.html Performance Measures The performance as declared by Wheelen and hunger (2000) is the final result of an activity and a performance organizacional accumulates turned out final of all the organization process and activities. It is necessary for the management of the organizations to measure and to evaluate the organization performance to utilize organizations resources in better form and to win good organization honorableness. Managers measure and to control organization performance, since conducts to a better management of assets, to a greater capacity to provide value of the client, for improve the measures of organization Knowledge and measure of performance organizacional have an impact on an organization reputation. Literature review Many studies had been done in order provide a clear picture of the financial performance of banks. Gupta, Uma and Collins (1997) investigate the impact of information systems on the efficiency of banks. They were centered in determining the relation among the investments in I.T and bank efficiency; they identified an efficiency measures assembly commonly utilized by the banks and they asked to their respondents to specify if these measures were utilized to evaluate the performance of I.T an investment. They found that the companies ensure that the investments in technology are deliberately and in a significant way aligned with achieving the strategic, tactical one, and the operational goals of the business is probable that to see a narrower link among I.T investments and improvements of productivity of the organization. Thus I.T performs an important and valuable role in helping to reach objectives organizational, to enlarge the productivity to improve service to the client, and to utilize fully existing system. Lunardi, Becker and Macada (2003), they evaluated the strategic impact of IT in Brazilian, American, Argentinean, Uruguayan and Chilean banks as perceived by their executives. In order to externally validate the questionnaire, results were analyzed considering, as isolated samples, (a) Brazil, (b) the United States, (c) Argentina, Uruguay and Chile, and, then, (d) as one group merging all data. The results indicate that (1) Competition, Products and Services, and Borrowers (customers) are the main strategic variables affected by IT; (2) there are no differences between executives of IT and other functional executives regarding their perception of the impacts of IT in strategic variables; and (3) the impact of IT in Competitiveness is significantly related with the impact of IT in Borrowers, Government and Country Requirements, Products and Services, and Cost Structure and Capacity. This study supported banking executives to plan IT strategies, their implementation and to evaluate their use. Another research had been done by Elena Becalli. (2005) Who investigated whether investment in Information Technology (IT) hardware, software and other IT services influences the performance of banks by Using a sample of 737 European banks over the period 1993-2000 . The study found that the impact of different types of IT investment (hardware, software and services) on banks performance is heterogeneous. Investment in IT services from external providers (consulting services, implementation Services, training and education, support services) appears to have a positive influence on accounting profits and profit efficiency, while the acquisition of hardware and software seems to reduce banks performance. Shaukat and Zafarullah. (2009) made a study examined the impact of IT on organizational performance in quantitative terms of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manufacturing and banking sectors over period of 1994-2005 and come with the following result. I.T changed the character of so much work for the industries and enlarges its performance. This positive impact has shown in indicators of qualitative performance. Significant improvements with regard to the different qualitative variables as customer satisfaction, client/suppliers links, image of the business, employees interest work, shareholders, confidence and among office links/communication they have been observed in both the sectors and banking in Particular . Akram and Allam. (2010), explored the impression on improving the performance of two forms of matrix. The first is matrix of financial performance which comprises Market Value-Added (MVA), Return on Investment (ROI) and Earning per Share (EPR) and the second is matrix of operational performance, which includes the Net Profit Margin (NPM), Operating Return on Assets (ORA) and the profit value of the employee (PE). Utilizing IT by Jordanian banks which measured by testing the level of investment in Hardware, Software, Internet Banking, Phone banking, number of ATMs, use of Cyber branches and Banking via SMS. The results of measurements indicated that there was an impact on the use of MIS in Jordanian banks in the market value added (MVA), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Return on Assets (ROA), Net Profit Margin (NMP). Keramati, Azadeh and Mehran (2009), discussed and tested empirical to moderate environmental effects of dynamism and branch strategy on the impact of the investment and other efficient variables (number of employees and fixed assets) in the branches. The study sample was comprised of 102 branch offices of the bank Parsian and the empirical results, on the base of a model moderate of decline. Concretely, IT investment seems to have a greater positive impact on performance of the banks when there are greater environmental changes and more proactiva strategy branch. According to their conclusions, the banks considering that the investment should evaluate their performance environmental contexts and the strategic orientation. Another investigation has been carried out for Mallick and Shirley (2006). They examined the effects of the information technology (IT) in the banking industry of United States. They found that IT can improve bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance in two ways: IT can reduce operational cost (cost effect), and facilitate transactions among customers the clients inside the same network (effect network). They characterized the conditions to identify these two effects and the conditions for the two seemingly positive effects to turn negative in the equilibrium. The results were tested on a panel of 68 US banks over 20 years, and they found that the bank profits decline due to adoption and diffusion of IT investment, reflecting negative network effects in banking Industry. In this study I will use the same factors used by Akram and Allam (2010) to explain the Impact of Information Technology on The Financial Performance of Bank sector in kingdom of Bahrain. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Introduction In this part of the study, we build the methodology of the study that is characterized in terms of tools and method of measurement and tests for the problem of the study, taking advantage of methods and tools of previous studies, in order to guarantee the access to the methodology to obtain the information more I need and better results. The key variables will be measured in an intent of practice to identify dependent and independent variables and to explain how the independent variable affects the dependent variable. Finally, It will also provide a study model and some specifications of the model used to conduct the research. Population and Sampling Data Collection The data was collected through in-depth interviews with the senior managers of finance , and some mangers from I.T Department of Banks in sample and from official documents plus We used several academic journals and articles which have been downloaded online from various websites to collect data for this study. Updating numerical data about the Banking sector and Banks have been collected from the annual reports of each Banks which are submitted on their official websites. Population The research population is all locally Banks in Bahrain Ahli United Bank National Bank of Bahrain Bahrain Islamic Bank (BisB) Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait B.S.C . Bank Muscat International (BMI) Standard Chartered Kuwait Finance House Bahrain Citibank Bahrain HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Arab Bank Table 3.1 : Population Source: The Researcher Sample Ahli United Bank (AUB) Bank Muscat International (BMI) were selected as research sample to represent this sector. However these Banks were selected because I found that it was easy for me to collect any information needed for this research from these tow Banks since I am working in Ahli united Bank and I Know Manger of IT in Bank Muscat International (BMI) . Ahli United Bank . Bank Muscat International (BMI) Table 3.2 : Sample Source: The Researcher The first bank is Ahli United Bank, Bahrain (AUB): Ahli United Bank BSC (AUB) formed after the 2001 merger of Al-Ahli Commercial Bank and Commercial Bank of Bahrain, It is a full fledged commercial and investment banking group providing Services of 1. Wealth management 2. Retail, corporate 3. Treasury 4. offshore 5. Islamic banking 6. Real estate fund management 7. Structured finance and private banking services. The Groups businesses consist of the operations in Bahrain, a wholly owned subsidiary in the UK and associates in Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Egypt, Iraq and Libya. Source: https://www.cbb.gov.bh/page.php?p=banking The second bank is Bank Muscat International (BMI) : BMI Bank (previously known as Bank Muscat International), an associate of Bank Muscat the largest financial services provider in Oman today, is a Retail Bank, registered in Bahrain and regulated by the Central Bank of Bahrain offering a full range of retail and commercial banking services. BMI Bank operates in Bahrain through a network of 8 branches and 26 ATMs with net banking for easy access to services. Source: https://www.bmi.com.bh/AnnualReport/images Period covered in this research This research covers the period from 2005 to 2009. Analysis Plan Use Regression method to specify the relationship between the independent variables (HW, SW, SDO, MAIN, TRN, Insu, Comm, Imp, Cons, Sit, BCP) and the dependent variable which is the (ROE). Research Model Fig (1) the structural variables of the independent and variable dependent. Independent I T Dependent Performance Performance H W S W S D O Main Trn Insu Comm Imp Cons Sit BCP R O E Figure 3.1 The research model Source: the researcher Model Specification This economic model is used to examine the relationship between Independent Variables and Bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. Defining Study Variables The independent variables Hard ware: Which includes spending on data storage devices, terminals, memory, peripherals, workstations, personal computers and data communications devices, So It is the net investment bank in the computer hardware and equipment in the period. (Akram Allam 2010) Soft Ware: which includes spending on packaged software, application Solutions software, application tools, and systems infrastructure software? It is the net investment bank in the software during the period. (Akram Allam 2010) System Development Operations: Which includes spending on Specific activities related to system development and other expenses for operations management during the period like the network, processing services, backup and archiving. ( Elena Becalli. 2005) I .T Maintenance :On going operational support of either hardware or software IT assets of an organization. This can be both preventative as well as reactive support. I.T Training: Includes education used to enhance general knowledge and expand the abilities to use IT during the period. (Elena Becalli 2005) I .T Insurance: The insurer provides protection of IT assets against fire, theft, flood and accidental damage and protects the firms investment from claims arising out of professional negligence or system failure . I.T Communication: Providing effective ways for inter application, inter entity communication. Effective IT communication provides the backbone for the working of any next generation application due to centralized and cloud based roadmap towards Information Technology. I .T Implementation: Which includes spending on a new or changed application systems are needed in order to support the processes, these must first be procured or developed and implemented. I .T Consultancy: Includes all what they spend to provide product-specific consulting during the period. It is one of the independent variables. (Elena Becalli. 2005) I .T Sites: Physical controlled infrastructure support for IT related hardware / data centers. This can be segregated between production and disasters recover sites Business Continuity Planning (BCP): It is the cost of Planning that identifies to the organization, exposition to external and internal threats and synthesizes soft and hard assets to provide an efficient prevention and the recovery of the organization, during the period. It is one of the independent variables. The independent variables ROE: Return on equity  measures a corporations profitability  by revealing how much  profit a company generates  with the money shareholders have invested. So it is the amount of the net incomes returned like a percentage of the capital stock.   Each bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ROE has been obtained for its annual reports and calculated as: Return on Equity = Net Income/Shareholders Equity CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS TESTING HYPOTHESIS CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS TESTING HYPOTHESIS Introduction This Section includes tow main topics, the first is about descriptive Analysis of the study variables through various descriptive statistical measures, such as: Central tendency measures, Dispersion measures, Mean, Median, Range and Standard Deviation; to describe the study variables. The Second topic represents testing the study hypotheses, and computing the regression model information. First topic, Descriptive Analysis The descriptive analysis table in the appendix shows the following For the period between 2005 and 2009. Years H W S W S D O MAI N T R N I N S U 2005 1,257,402 1,085,277 627,493 930,182 133,498 48,220 2006 1,465,400 1,287,888 387,563 1,023,201 142,611 53,042 2007 1,667,850 1,398,955 507,713 1,125,521 180,363 58,346 2008 2,241,285 2,080,455 427,954 1,238,073 147,626 69,963 2009 3,332,204 3,117,740 525,001 1,519,138 94,051 99,966Mean Standard Deviation Years H W S W S D O MAI N T R N I N S U 2005 1,078,477 940,060 526,804 805,844 94,048 37,873 2006 939,886 865,657 159,011 886,428 95,303 41,660 2007 1,176,979 991,428 300,220 975,071 140,909 45,826 2008 935,099 805,459 257,453 1,072,578 102,353 42,231 2009 323,436 236,654 35,357 957,440 36,697 13,918 Minimum Years H W S W S D O MAI N T R N I N S U 2005 494,804 420,554 254,987 360,365 66,996 21,440 2006 800,800 675,776 275,125 396,401 75,221 23,584 2007 835,600 697,909 295,425 436,041 80,725 25,942 2008 1,580,070 1,510,909 245,907 479,645 75,251 40,101 2009 3,103,500 2,950,400 500,000 842,125 68,102 90,125 Maximum Years H W S W S D O MAI N T R N I N S U 2005 2,020,000 1,750,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 200,000 75,000 2006 2,130,000 1,900,000 500,000 1,650,000 210,000 82,500 2007 2,500,100 2,100,000 720,000 1,815,000 280,000 90,750 2008 2,902,500 2,650,000 610,000 1,996,500 220,000 99,825 2009 3,103,500 2,950,400 500,000 2,196,150 120,000 109,808 Mean Years COMM I M P C O N S S I T BCP ROE 2005 1,124,045 243,621 63,192 65,307 295,011 16.050% 2006 1,282,500 286,607 32,123 65,307 320,476 17.165% 2007 1,396,404 326,015 38,552 65,307 332,813 16.230% 2008 1,507,605 384,230 55,051 104,500 417,142 13.150% 2009 1,737,626 562,749 95,053 104,500 430,744 9.950% Standard Deviation Years COMM I M P C O N S S I T BCP ROE 2005 955,944 188,627 52,055 49,063 247,472 3.606% 2006 1,014,698 164,605 25,283 49,063 244,694 2.920% 2007 1,136,456 189,498 30,332 49,063 262,141 2.503% 2008 1,262,038 241,859 28,213 21,920 179,523 2.475% 2009 1,148,871 60,303 35,281 21,920 198,759 0.495% Minimum Years COMM I M P C O N S S I T BCP ROE 2005 448,091 110,241 26,384 30,614 120,022 13.500% 2006 565,000 170,214 14,245 30,614 147,451 15.100% 2007 592,808 192,020 17,105 30,614 147,451 14.460% 2008 615,209 213,210 35,101 89,000 290,200 11.400% 2009 925,251 520,108 70,105 89,000 290,200 9.600% Maximum Years COMM I M P C O N S S I T BCP ROE 2005 1,800,000 377,000 100,000 100,000 470,000 18.600% 2006 2,000,000 403,000 50,000 100,000 493,500 19.230% 2007 2,200,000 460,010 60,000 100,000 518,175 18.000% 2008 2,400,000 555,250 75,000 120,000 544,084 14.900% 2009 2,550,000 605,390 120,000 120,000 571,288 10.300% Table 4.1 Descriptive Analysis Descriptive Analysis The descriptive analysis table in the appendix shows the following: From Table 4.1, which illustrates the use of Bahrain banks for I.T, we notes that average cost of H W in Bahrain banks reached the highest average in year 2009 (3,332,204) and this year was the lowest in the standard deviation (323,436), as well as the year that contains the largest cost for investment (3,103,500), which refers to the rise in investment H W by Bahrain banks. The second independent factor is the S W, its mean (medium) started with (1,085,277) and we notice that they are on the increase from year to year until it reaches in 2009 to (3,117,740) While the standard deviation of S W started with 940,060 then decrease to (865,657) and increase later in 2007 and again decreased to (805,459) in 2008 and lowest amount (236,654) in 2009. The minimum S W during the research period was (420,554) while the maximum was (2,950,400). We marked that the third factor which is the S D O had a mean started with ( 627,493 ) and ended with( 525,001 ) and noted that investment in S D O reached the highest value in the years 2005 ( ,000,000) and 2007 ( 720,000 ) while the lowest value was in the year 2008 ( 245,907 ) and the standard deviation started high in first year 2005 ( 526,804 ) and decreased to the lowest in the last year 2009 ( 35,281) . The M A I N mean (medium) started with (930,182) in 2005 and ended with (1,519,138) in 2009. While the standard deviation started with (805,844) and ended with (957,440). The minimum M A I N during the research period was (360,365) and the largest amount was (2,196,150). The fifth factor which is the T R N had a mean (medium) of (133,498), (142,611), (180,363), (147,626) and (94,051) the standard deviation started with 94,048 and ended with (36,697), the minimum T R N during the research period was (66,996) while the maximum was (280,000). The I N S U mean (medium) started with 48,220 in 2005 and ended with 99,966 in 2009 while the standard deviation started with 37,873 and ended with 13,918 the minimum I N S U during the research period was 21,440 while the largest was 109,808. From the previous table we note that the seventh variable COMM, the average cost in Bahrain banks started with 1,124,045 and continue increased upto (1,737,626). In 2009, the standard deviation started with 955,944 and ended with (1,148,871), the minimum rate during the period reached to the lowest of 448,091 and highest was 2,550,000 in 2009. The I M P mean (medium) started with (243,621) in 2005 and ended with (562,749) in 2009. The standard deviation started with (188,627) and ended with the (60,303); the minimum rate during the period was (110,241), while the maximum was (60,303). The ninth factor which is the C O N S had a mean (medium) of (63,192), (32,123), (38,552), (55,051) and (95,053) and the standard deviation started with (52,055) and ended with (35,281), the minimum C O N S during the research period was (14,245) while the maximum was (120,000). The S I T mean (medium) in the beginning 3 years were the same 65,307 years and in the last 2 years increased to (104,500) while the standard deviation started with 49,063 and ended with (21,920). The minimum S I T during the research period was 30,614 while the maximum reached to (89,000). The BCP mean (medium) in the beginning year started with (295,011) and ended in the last year with (430,744). While the standard deviation was beginning with (247,472) and decreased in the last year to (198,759). We note the minimum BCP during the research period was (120,022) and the maximum was (571,288). The dependent variable is the ROE which was marked by the year 2006 the highest revenue between the years of the sample, as it reaches the highest return of 19.230% while the standard deviation was started with 3.606% and decreased later to .495 % in 2009. The year 2009 marked the lowest return on equity, amounting to 9.600%. Regression Analysis I used Pooled Data Regression method because Ive tie series data (2005-2009) and cross-sectional data (2 Banks). I have mathematical model of the study is developed as follows: I used E views program to analyze the data, I also used pooled regression and multi-regression because we have more than one independent variable verses only one variable which is the R O E. The confidence interval is ( 95 %). Testing Hypothesis As stated in the first chapter, these are the null hypothesis for this research The main Hypotheses There is no significant relationship between investing in I.T and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H01: There is no significant relationship between investing in HW and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H02: There is no significant relationship between investing in SW and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H03: There is no significant relationship between investing in SDO and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H04: There is no significant relationship between investing in Main and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H05: There is no significant relationship between investing in Trn and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H06: There is no significant relationship between investing in Insu and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H07: There is no significant relationship between investing in Comm and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H08: There is no significant relationship between investing in Imp and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H09: There is no significant relationship between investing in Con and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H010: There is no significant relationship between investing in Sit and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. H011: There is no significant relationship between investing in BCP and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. The above hypothesis used to determine whether all the independent variables together, which represent the IT investments, have effect on the dependent variable which reflects the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. For this general hypothesis, the f-statistic value is used to reject or accept it. On the other hand, the t-statistic is used to accept or reject all other hypothesizes which measure the relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable separately. In order to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis or accept it, the following conditions should be applied to the regression results: T-statistic 1.85; Prob. 0.05; and F-statistic 9.908. If these conditions are achieved, then there is a significant relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. When we will apply the above rule in order reject the null hypothesis if T-test à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 1.85 and Sig 0.05 the result will be as follow: For the first variable which is the H W 5.23 1.85 Sig .00 0.05 therefore the null hypothesis is rejected which means that there is no significant positive relation between the H W and the ROE. For the S W 3.25 1.85 0.00 0.05 then the null hypothesis is rejected and therefore there is no significant inverse relation between the S W and the ROE. For the SDO 10.50 1.85 and 0.00 0.05 so again the null hypothesis is rejected and there is significant positive relation between the independent and the dependent variables. For the MAIN 5.20 1.85 and 0.034 0.05, so the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Therefore there is a significant positive relation between the investment ratio and the ROE. For the TRN is 2.85 therefore the alternative hypothesis is accepted and there is significant inverse relationship between the TRN and the ROE. For the INSU 4.25 1.85 0.00 0.05 then the null hypothesis is rejected and therefore there is significant inverse relation between the INSU and the ROE. For the COMM 3.56 1.85 0.00 0.05 then the null hypothesis is rejected and therefore there is significant inverse relation between the COMM and the ROE. For the IMP 4.97 1.85 0.00 0.05 then the null hypothesis is rejected and therefore there is significant inverse relation between the COMM and the ROE. For the CONS 1.920 1.85 0.00 0.05 then the null hypothesis is rejected and therefore there is significant inverse relation between the CONS and the ROE. For the SIT 4.850 1.85 0.00 0.05 then the null hypothesis is rejected and therefore there is significant inverse relation between the SIT and the ROE. For the BCP 1.980 1.85 0.00 0.05 then the null hypothesis is rejected and therefore there is significant inverse relation between the BCP and the ROE. However for all the variables together the F-statistic is 9.908 which is greater than the F-schedule 1.96 and the Sig is 0.00 0.05 so the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Therefore there is a significant relation between the variables (all together) and the ROE . R square is 0.86 which means that together all the independent variables are responsible for 86% of changes in the ROE. When economic model is used to examine the relationship between Independent Variables and Bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance we will have : So the ROE = 17.23 -1.63 (H W) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2.03 (S W) -.266 (S D O) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2.81 ( M A I N ) + .66 (T RN) + 2.251 (INSU) -.132 (COMM) + .649 (IMP) .047 (CONS) .767 (S I T) + 1.643 (BCP) +e By implementing these conditions on the regression results, we reached the statistical results shown in Table 4.3 below. There is no significant relationship between investing in HW and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in SW and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in SDO and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in MAIN and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in TRN and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in INSU and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in COMM and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in IMP and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in CON and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in SIT and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected There is no significant relationship between investing in BCP and the financial performance of Banks of Bahrain. Rejected CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDIATIONS CAHPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDIATIONS Introduction In This part of study we will start discussing the findings regarding each null hypothesis as appeared on Table 4.3, and comparing them with the findings of other researchers. Next, a conclusion to the research will be provided along with some limitations that have incurred while conducting the study. Finally, the researcher will suggest some recommendations based on the findings. Conclusion In this research, we have begun by studying Bahrainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economy generally and the banking sector specifically. Then, we have started discussing the several factors that reflect the I.T investment, and how these factors can affect the bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance represented by ROE. Eight banks have been chosen which are listed on Central bank of Bahrain. The numerical data have been captured for five years (2005-2009), The data was collected through in-depth interviews with the senior managers of finance and I.T Department, also from the annual reports submitted by each bank on its official website. Since this study sought to establish a relationship between the financial returns of commercial banks in Bahrain and the level of investment in information technology, the questioning might serve as to whether the level of investment in information technology affect the level of improved performance indicators for this vital sector and renewed for the banks?. In order to achieve these objectives the study proceeded to build a model of study, is designed to analyze that relationship and using appropriate methods of statistical analysis of the study comes out with results adopted by a number of recommendations are as follows : Limitations The main limitations are Time: The time frame within which the study has been conducted was short. Limitation of data: Most of the banks initially declined to provide any financial (IT expenses and Income) data citing confidentiality and busy schedules as reasons. Recommendations 1. Based on previous results, the study recommends that the supervisors on the work of Bahraini banks to boost investment in information technology and attract what is modern ones, because of their important role in improving the performance of banks, through the support services of information technology in these banks and supplying them with budgets and human resources qualified and trained so as to enhance the presence of these banks and their role in the development of investment. 2. Regarding future line of research, efforts should be put at increasing the sample size and the time frame in order to have more accurate and reliable results.

Common Yellow Wallpaper Essay Topics

Common Yellow Wallpaper Essay TopicsWhen students are taking the standardized tests that are used to determine whether or not they should be allowed to continue in college, some will be required to write essays on subjects such as the debate about the importance of the classroom. It is a hot button issue for college students. There are those who believe that classroom lecture and social interaction are important for student development, and then there are those who believe that the classrooms are boring and cannot teach basic knowledge.Many students will have a difficult time trying to figure out which group they fall into because the opinions on both sides of the debate on the proper role of the classroom are so vague. One side believes that the teacher is necessary for the survival of any educational system. On the other side, the argument is that the teacher's only purpose is to make a student feel uncomfortable and/or get them to do the work for them.Some students will have troub le writing the essays about the yellow wallpaper essay topics for their classes because the topics are so broad. They are required to go over basic information without any real thinking to help them remember what they learned. The same is true for the standardized tests that will be given.Students will write the essay for both tests in very basic terms. They will write about studying for the test, answering the questions, and writing the test. This will give them practice in writing concise sentences and paragraphs that use all of the necessary information for the test. The essays that students will be required to write may include information about their teachers and classes, but they will not discuss the differences between the two groups because they are trying to use the information from both groups to decide which one is right for them.Students will also write about their own class. They will talk about the literature of the topic, what it means to them, and why they think it i s important. They will be able to come up with a clear opinion about a topic by coming up with a concept and a general idea of what they believe it means. In many cases, they will feel comfortable enough to write about these topics without having to consider the opinion of others.Students will be able to write about their professors because they know that their opinions are likely to be heard. They will be writing for someone else, and that person should be respected. The teachers will probably need to allow the students to use the actual words that they wrote in the essay.The classroom discussions that students must write about will be much more difficult than the classroom discussions. The reason is that the essays will have very different characters. Students will have a very concrete idea of what is happening in the discussion, but they will not be able to talk about the different characters in the discussion because it would take up too much time and would make them uncomfortab le.Students will be able to communicate the points that they are trying to make in the essays because they will be able to go over all of the material that was required for the class. Students should make sure that they study carefully before they start writing the essays. They should also try to study all of the different topics that will be covered in the essay. There are a lot of these types of essay topics, so it is going to be a good idea to be familiar with the various topics so that they will be able to easily read and respond to the writing sample.

Use a Collegeboard to Write Great Essays

<h1>Use a Collegeboard to Write Great Essays</h1><p>Collegeboard article tests are the most recent in exposition composing programming that permits understudies to compose their papers quick and effectively, with more exactness. Notwithstanding, school sheets don't just assist understudies with composing extraordinary articles - they are additionally an incredible method to flaunt your composing aptitudes by helping other people see your actual composing ability.</p><p></p><p>Writing for tests is one of the most troublesome things that an understudy can experience. Instructors, colleagues, and your own self-question add to making the test of composing an exposition. Composing collegeboards are exposition tests that are intended to assist you with making a very much inquired about paper that will get your educator's amped up for you.</p><p></p><p>College sheets, which are utilized by a large number of understudies the n ation over, are utilized to assist understudies with making a superior article. School sheets can assist you with composing a persuading exposition that will go into the paper composing book of the year. You can compose your paper in under 60 minutes - simply browse many school board article tests to cause your exposition to show up professional.</p><p></p><p>The best thing about school sheets is that they offer you the chance to utilize incredible practice and correction material. This empowers you to be certain that your article merits utilizing on the test. Simply pick one example to follow, and afterward fill in the spaces. When you've filled in the spaces, the paper will be finished and prepared to send in for review.</p><p></p><p>College sheets are an incredible method to rehearse your article composing abilities. They can assist you with composing incredible articles that will stick out and gain your teachers' consideration. Wit h a decent school board, you'll have the option to make an elegantly composed exposition in under 60 minutes. What's more, you'll have the option to expand your composing capability and help other people see the expertise that you have as well.</p><p></p><p>An paper is a significant piece of your instruction, and an article is the initial step to breezing through your school's selection test. Your article should be elegantly composed and convincing. By exploiting a quality paper board, you can hone your composing aptitudes and addition a major advantage over your individual students.</p><p></p><p>College board tests can assist you with composing a very much explored exposition that will go into the article composing book of the year. You can fill in the spaces with these school sheets. With a large number of school board models, you'll have the option to pick the most ideal ones to give you the most obvious opportunity with regards to success.</p><p></p><p>Essay tests are extraordinary on the grounds that they give you practice recorded as a hard copy that will assist you with improving as an essayist in your composition. School sheets can allow you to fill in the spaces in a more compelling way than everything else you could do.</p>

Essay Topics For Class - How to Choose the Right Essay Topics For Your Class

<h1>Essay Topics For Class - How to Choose the Right Essay Topics For Your Class</h1><p>One of the significant worries for understudies is the means by which to pick the correct English exposition subjects for class. There are loads of acceptable approaches to move toward this, however the most significant point is to guarantee that you don't fall prey to unoriginality. Despite the fact that written falsification is unlawful and ought to be viewed as a genuine offense, it isn't difficult to fall casualty to.</p><p></p><p>As such, it is critical to realize how to stay away from this circumstance. In doing as such, understudies can abstain from being trapped in the demonstration of stealing and they can abstain from being named as a plagiarizer. This is so on the grounds that counterfeiting is finished by people who couldn't care less about the harm that it does to the notoriety of their school or the network as a whole.</p><p></ p><p>Therefore, on the off chance that you need to take the article points for class technique, at that point you have to realize how to pick the correct paper themes. For this situation, there are two techniques that you can browse. The first is to browse among the numerous subjects that are introduced in the theme sheets that are dispersed. The subsequent strategy is to pick the subject from among the article themes that are in the syllabus.</p><p></p><p>It is critical to take note of that the most ideal approach to pick the exposition points for the class is to choose just those themes that will get your imprints high. In any case, this isn't generally conceivable. This is on the grounds that a few educators will ensure that their understudies get the most elevated potential checks out of the composition. In such a case, it is basic to realize how to approach getting the most ideal checks out of your writing.</p><p></p><p>T he first great approach to pick the points is to set up a rundown of subjects that you think would get you good grades out of the composition. After you have gotten done with this, at that point you should utilize your rundown to choose which one is the best. This means you should choose in any event two articles to peruse. This should offer you the chance to perceive how these papers toll as far as their composing style.</p><p></p><p>What you ought to do then is to pick the subject of the exposition points for class. This implies you should peruse both of the articles and discover which one you think ought to be utilized. This will allow you to see which one fits well with your exposition. In this way, it will likewise give you a thought of what sort of paper you ought to compose and what the subject ought to be.</p><p></p><p>If you can pick the point that you think ought to be utilized, at that point you can likewise concentrate on l ooking into the correct watchwords to use in your article themes for class. This will permit you to concentrate on the best way to compose your article in a lucid way. Consequently, it will likewise give you a thought of how to utilize legitimate language structure and how to structure your essay.</p><p></p><p>You will likewise realize how to make the best possible tone in your article themes for class. Note that the motivation behind English article points for the class is to have understudies figure out how to be conversational journalists, so this implies you ought to have the option to utilize the correct tone for it.</p>

What You Dont Know About What Should the Body of a Research Paper Draft Contain

What You Don't Know About What Should the Body of a Research Paper Draft Contain The Truth About What Should the Body of a Research Paper Draft Contain Your paper should be sorted out such that moves from general to explicit information. A flourishing exploration paper satisfies the target of raising perusers' information on a specific subject. The absolute initial step to composing a flourishing examination paper is organizing it effectively. It is difficult work. With a decent understanding of the components of a flourishing examination paper, the methodology can be made significantly less difficult and less complex. Attempt to recollect that changing segments of your work in the act of composing and looking into is typical. The issue of recognizing gravitational radiation is getting huge consideration with the structure of new finders in the USA, Europe, and Japan. In any event, assuming it is anything but a prerequisite, it's an extraordinary idea to form a proposition explanation as you begin to sort out your examination. In spite of how the proposal explanation is toward the beginning of the exploration paper, it's planned to be the summit of all the examination that was finished and broke down as an individual from the exploration undertaking. It focuses on the nearby connections and the significance of understanding the neighborhood setting just as social and social developments in the field of arranging. In the situation you wish to do a proposal learn at the business or abroad, you wr precisely the same method depicted previously. There are a few different ways of referencing yet the Harvard style is most usually utilized. An enlightening theoretical shows the sort of data secured in the position. The objective of a theoretical is to allow planned perusers to assess the pertinence of the lengthier work to their tasks. Each section inside the body of your article ought to remember a transitional sentence to usher the entry for the following passage. Expertise it will be assessed. Sort out YOUR NOTES Organize the entirety of the data that you have accumulated as per your diagram. Step by step instructions to DRAFT YOUR THESIS STATEMENT In request to make a sound proposal, it's first basic to consider the point for an inquiry. Supreme best article composing support is set up to help. An extraordinary theory articulation will advertise your position and should be the last sentence of the early on section. The equivalent is valid for top paper essayists. In the wake of perusing the theoretical, you may make an informed judgment about whether the exposition would be justified, despite all the trouble to peruse. The Battle Over What Should the Body of a Research Paper Draft Contain and How to Win It Correct all mistakes you can spot and upgrade the all out gauge of the paper as well as could be expected. Clarify the objective of your paper and the manner in which you mean to move toward the point. A theoretical isn't an audit, nor does this assess the work being preoccupied. You should focus on the profundity of inclusion important for your paper just as the due date when you need to record your paper. The expense of an exposition is reliant upon the amount of exertion the author needs to apply. A predominant pugnacious article obviously presents either side of the contention. The title is critical to make an incredible impression since it is first thing that will draw the eye of your perusers. Equivalent to throughout everyday life, you should know about the man or lady to present them same with papers. In the event that you need to adhere to precisely the same principle, at that point hold back ensure you don't rehash precisely the same misstep. There's an exact example you should utilize at whatever point you reason deductively. At the point when you wrap up your absolute first draft, it's advantageous to set it aside and totally quit considering composing for a specific time span. There isn't any approach to think of a theoretical without composing a last idea. An individual may include a facetious inquiry for a snare. The second locale of the announcement (you aren't poor) is the end. All sides of the contention should be clarified with a decent measure of detail and the most grounded purposes of the position which you are disagreeing with ought to be expressed for differentiate. In the absolute first draft, you probably won't recollect all the fundamental terms or the result, anyway you will recall what the significant purpose of the work was.

Essay Topics and Research Tips - How to Write an Effective Essay

Essay Topics and Research Tips - How to Write an Effective EssayOne of the most important things in writing an effective essay is to do some research on the topic of your essay. This article will give you the research information you need to do so that you can write an effective essay that will be accepted by most college writing courses.In writing an essay, you must do some self-reflection on what the reader is going to see in the finished product. Most writers don't put much thought into the topic they are going to write about and end up giving the reader too little. The key to being able to write an effective essay is to start with the information you already know and not get too hung up on finding the latest information on a subject that does not really interest you. This is where researching comes in.Do a little research and find out what the latest essay topics are for your class. Take notes on any interesting topics you come across so that you can use them later on in the writ ing process. It is also a good idea to find out if the professor that taught you your course is still teaching it as the professor can give you some ideas on topics to look at.The next step to writing an essay is to actually write the paper. Keep in mind that there are many factors that go into how well you write an essay. However, this doesn't mean that you should start with the first idea that comes to mind. A good outline will help guide you in the direction you want to go.Once you have the outline in place, start writing the main points of the essay by placing them chronologically. You should also read through the outline to make sure you haven't missed anything or that you haven't incorrectly stated something.When you're done writing the main points, go back and organize the information so that it makes sense. To do this, break the information down into groups of information. For example, you could write down what the topics are about, and then start breaking them down into gro ups of paragraphs.After you have done this, you will have an outline of the main body of the essay. Then you can move forward and start writing the body of the essay.Every writer has the same goal in mind when they start writing. That goal is to create a polished piece of work. By taking the time to research the topic and then actually writing the paper, you will see that the key to getting the best grades on the paper is to do some research.